As
per section 114(2) : A resolution shall be a special resolution when—
(a)
the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly
specified in the notice sent for meeting;
(b)
the notice required under this Act has been duly given; and
(c)
the votes cast in favor of the resolution, whether on a show of hands, or
electronically or on a poll, as the case may be, by members who, being entitled
so to do, vote in person or by proxy or by postal ballot, are required to be
not less than three times the number of the votes, if any, cast against the
resolution by members so entitled and voting.
In
simple words, A special resolution is a resolution where the intention to
propose the resolution as special resolution is specified and at-least 3/4th
votes required for passing the resolution.
Special
resolutions are required for important decisions, such as for
altering the terms of the articles of association or
the memorandum of association, or making some other major
or fundamental changes in an organization.
Given
below is the list of actions for which special resolution is required to be
adopted :-
S.No.
|
Actions
|
Description
|
1.
|
For Entrenchment
|
The provisions for entrenchment
u/s 5(3) shall only be made either on formation of a company, or by an
amendment in the articles agreed to by a special resolution in case of a
public company.
|
2.
|
For changing registered office
|
For changing registered office of the
company in accordance with Section 12(5), special resolution is required.
|
3.
|
For altering MOA
|
Save as provided in section 61, a
company may, by a special resolution, alter the provisions of its memorandum.
|
4.
|
For changing Objects for which
money was raised through prospectus
|
A company, which has raised money
from public through prospectus and still has any un-utilized amount out of
the money so raised, shall require to pass a special resolution to change its
objects for which it raised the money through prospectus.
|
5.
|
For altering AOA
|
Subject to the conditions
contained in its memorandum a company may, by a special resolution, alter its
articles including alterations having the effect of conversion of—
(a) a
private company into a public company; or
(b) a
public company into a private company:
|
6.
|
To vary the terms of the contract
referred in prospectus or objects for which prospectus was issued
|
A company shall at any time, vary
the terms of a contract referred to in the prospectus or objects for which
the prospectus was issued, by passing the special resolution in the general
meeting.
|
7.
|
For issuing Depository receipts in
foreign country
|
A company may, after passing a
special resolution in its general meeting, issue depository receipts in any
foreign country.
|
8.
|
For Variation of Shareholders
Right
|
Where share capital of the company
is divided into different classes of shares, and the company intends to vary
the rights attached to the shares of any class in accordance with Section
48(1), if (a) such action is permitted under the AoA or MoA of the company,
or (b) such variation is not prohibited by the terms of issue of the shares
of that class.
|
9.
|
For issue of Sweat Equity Shares
|
A company may, after passing a
special resolution, issue sweat equity shares of a class of shares already
issued.
|
10.
|
For Increasing the subscribed
capital by the issue of further shares
|
Where a company having share
capital proposes to increase its subscribed capital by the issue of further
shares and such shares are to be offered to – (a) employees under a scheme of
employees’ stock option, or (b) to any persons either for cash or for a
consideration other than cash (when the price of such shares is determined by
the valuation report of a registered valuer ), as per Section 62.
|
11.
|
For reducing share capital
|
Subject to confirmation by the
Tribunal on an application by the company, a company limited by shares or
limited by guarantee and having a share capital may, by a special resolution,
reduce the share capital of the company.
|
12.
|
For purchasing of its own
shares.(Buy-back)
|
Where a company intends to
purchase its own shares or other specified securities out of—(a) its free
reserves; (b) the securities premium account; or (c) the proceeds of the
issue of any shares or other specified securities and such buy-back is
authorized by its articles.
The
requirement for special resolution is not applicable in the following cases-
(i) where the buy-back is, 10% or less of the total paid-up equity capital
and free reserves of the company; and (ii) such buy-back has been authorized
by the Board by means of a resolution passed at its meeting;
|
13.
|
For issuing of debentures with an
option to convert such debentures into shares
|
A company may issue debentures
with an option to convert such debentures into shares, either wholly or
partly at the time of redemption, by passing a special resolution.
|
14.
|
For changing of place of keeping
registers, returns, etc
|
Where registers or copies of
return of a company is to be kept at a place in India, other than the
registered office of the company, in which more than one-tenth of the total
number of members entered in the register of members reside.
|
15.
|
For Removing auditor appointed u/s
139 before the expiry of his term.
|
Where the auditor appointed u/s
139 is to be removed from his office before the expiry of his term, after
obtaining the prior approval of the Central Government to that effect and
giving the auditor a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
|
16.
|
For Appointing more than 15
directors in a company
|
Where a company intends to appoint
more than fifteen directors, i.e. number of directors beyond statutory limit
provided under Section 149(1)(b), a special resolution is required.
|
17.
|
For Re-appointment of Independent
Director
|
Where a company intends to
reappoint an independent director after he has served for a term up to five
consecutive years on the Board of the company, a special resolution is required.
|
18.
|
For specifying any lesser number
of companies in which a director of the company may act as director
|
Section 165(1) provides that no
person can hold office as a director, including any alternate directorship,
in more than twenty companies (if it is a private company) and in more than
ten companies (if it is a public company) at the same time. When a company
intends to specify any lesser number of companies for this purpose (i.e. less
than 20 or 10) special resolution is required to be passed by the company.
|
19.
|
For exercise of certain powers by
Board of Directors
|
A special resolution is required
to be passed when Board of Directors of a company intends to exercise the
following powers-
·
to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of the whole or substantially the whole
of the undertaking of the company or where the company owns more than one
undertaking, of the whole or substantially the whole of any of such
undertakings;
·
to invest otherwise in trust securities the amount of compensation received
by it as a result of any merger or amalgamation;
·
to borrow money, where the money to be borrowed, together with the money
already borrowed by the company will exceed aggregate of its paid-up share
capital and free reserves, apart from temporary loans obtained from the
company’s bankers in the ordinary course of business;
·
to remit, or give time for the repayment of, any debt due from a director;
|
20.
|
For giving any loan or guarantee
or providing any security or the acquisition beyond certain
|
Where a company intends to- (a)
give any loan to any person or other body corporate; (b) give any guarantee
or provide security in connection with a loan to any other body corporate or
person; and (c) acquire by way of subscription, purchase or otherwise, the
securities of any other body corporate, exceeding 60% of its paid-up share
capital, free reserves and securities premium account or 100% of its free
reserves and securities premium account, a special resolution is required to
be passed.
|
21.
|
Related party transaction
|
Where a director or any other
employee of a company (having a paid-up share capital of not less than such
amount, or for transactions not exceeding such sums, as may be prescribed)
has to seek approval and the company has to grant such prior approval for
entering into any contract or arrangement with a related party with respect
to matter enumerated in Section 188(1).
|
22.
|
For appointment of a Managing
Director, whole-time director, or manager.
|
Where a company has to appoint a
person as its Managing Director, whole-time director, or manager who has
attained the age of seventy years. In such a case, explanatory statement
annexed to the notice for such motion should indicate the justification for
appointing such person
|
23.
|
For fixing remuneration of
directors
|
Where a company has to fix the
remuneration payable to the directors of a company, including any managing or
whole-time director or manager (if the Articles so requires).
|
24.
|
Investigation by Central
Government
|
Where a company desires to
intimate central government that the affairs of the company ought to be
investigated, a special resolution is required to be passed.
|
25.
|
For removal of name of company
from the Register of Companies
|
Where a company intends to
extinguish all its liabilities for the purpose of filing an application to
the Registrar for removing the name of the company from the register of
companies on all or any of the grounds specified in Section 248(1).
|
26.
|
For approval for Scheme of
Amalgamation of a sick company
|
Where a company intends to approve
a scheme relating to amalgamation of the sick company with any other company.
|
27.
|
For Winding up by Tribunal
|
Where a company has to take a
resolution that the company be wound up by the Tribunal.
|
28.
|
For voluntary Winding Up
|
Where a company is to be wound up
voluntarily for any other reasons not covered Section 304(a).
|
29.
|
For conferring certain powers on
the Company Liquidator
|
Where a company intends to confer
general authority or power on the Company Liquidator to accept shares, etc.,
as consideration for sale/transfer of whole or any of its business property
in the course of being wound.
|
30.
|
For authorizing Company Liquidator
to exercise certain powers
|
Where in the course of voluntary
winding up, a company intends to authorize Company Liquidator for exercising
the following powers-
(a) pay
any class of creditors in full;
(b) make
any compromise or arrangement with creditors or persons claiming to be
creditors, or having or alleging themselves to have any claim, against the
company,
(c)
compromise any call or liability to call, debt, and liability capable of
resulting in a debt, and any claim, present or future, certain or contingent,
ascertained or sounding only in damages, subsisting or alleged to subsist
between the company and a contributory or alleged contributory or other
debtor or person apprehending liability to the company, and all questions in
any way relating to or affecting the assets or liabilities or the winding up
of the company, on such terms as may be agreed, and take any security for the
discharge of any such call, debt, liability or claim, and give a complete
discharge in respect thereof.
|
31.
|
For disposal of books and papers
of the company upon winding up
|
In the case of voluntary winding
up, when the affairs of a company have been completely wound up and it is
about to be dissolved, then its books and papers and those of the Company
Liquidator has to be disposed in the manner as the company by special
resolution with the prior approval of the creditors direct.
|
32.
|
Application of Table-F in
Schedule-I
|
Where the company intends to make
provisions of Table F in Schedule I applicable to it to any particular
extent.
|
|
|
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